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RabbitMQ的工作队列在Spring Boot中实现（详解常⽤的⼯作模式）

时间:2025-06-24 12:45:45 阅读（143）

上文着重介绍RabbitMQ 七种工作模式介绍RabbitMQ 七种工作模式介绍_rabbitmq 工作模式-CSDN博客

本篇讲解如何在Spring环境下进⾏RabbitMQ的开发.（只演⽰部分常⽤的⼯作模式）

引⼊依赖

一.工作队列模式

二.Publish/Subscribe(发布订阅模式)

三.Routing(路由模式)

四.Topics(通配符模式)

引⼊依赖

在pom.xml 可以导入依赖

<!--Spring MVC相关依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!--RabbitMQ相关依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>

或者创建项目时候勾选相应的选项

进入项目第一步先进行分类三层架构

进行配置相关rabbitmq属性

一.工作队列模式

生产者：

@RestController@RequestMapping("/produce")public class ProducerController {     @Autowired    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;    @RequestMapping("/work")    public String work() {         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("", Constans.WORK_QUEUE,"hello spring amqp:work...");        return "发送成功";    }}

convertAndSend是RabbitTemplate类提供的一个重要方法，用于将消息发送到 RabbitMQ 的指定队列中。
第一个参数""：在这里通常表示交换机（Exchange）的名称为空字符串。
第二个参数Constans.WORK_QUEUE
第三个参数"hello spring amqp:work..."：这就是要发送的实际消息内容

通过网页进行测试是否发送成功

从rabbitmq上可以看出已经发送成功到队列，等待消费者进行消费

消费者：

@Componentpublic class WorkListener {     @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.WORK_QUEUE)    public void queueListener1(Message message) {         System.out.println("listener 1 ["+Constants.WORK_QUEUE+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.WORK_QUEUE)    public void queueListener2(Message message) {         System.out.println("listener 2 ["+Constants.WORK_QUEUE+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }}

@RabbitListener是Spring框架中⽤于监听RabbitMQ队列的注解,通过使⽤这个注解，可以定义⼀个⽅法,以便从RabbitMQ队列中接收消息.该注解⽀持多种参数类型，这些参数类型代表了从RabbitMQ接收到的消息和相关信息.

@Componentpublic class WorkListener {     @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.WORK_QUEUE)    public void queueListener1(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 1 ["+Constants.WORK_QUEUE+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.WORK_QUEUE)    public void queueListener2(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 2 ["+Constants.WORK_QUEUE+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }}

1. String ：返回消息的内容
2. Message ( org.springframework.amqp.core.Message ):SpringAMQP的
Message 类，返回原始的消息体以及消息的属性,如消息ID,内容,队列信息等.

二.Publish/Subscribe(发布订阅模式)

声明队列,交换机,绑定队列和交换机

//发布订阅模式    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE1 = "fanout.queue1";    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE2 = "fanout.queue2";    public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout.exchange";

//发布订阅模式    @Bean("fanoutQueue1")    public Queue fanoutQueue1() {         return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1).build();    }    @Bean("fanoutQueue2")    public Queue fanoutQueue2() {         return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2).build();    }    @Bean("fanoutExchange")    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {         return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();    }    @Bean("fanoutQueueBinding1")    public Binding fanoutQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("fanoutExchange") FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, @Qualifier("fanoutQueue1") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(fanoutExchange);    }    @Bean("fanoutQueueBinding2")    public Binding fanoutQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("fanoutExchange") FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, @Qualifier("fanoutQueue2") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(fanoutExchange);    }

生产者：

@RequestMapping("/fanout")    public String fanout(){         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"", "hello spring amqp:fanout...");        return "发送成功";    }

消费者：

@Componentpublic class FanoutListener {     @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1)    public void queueListener1(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 1 ["+Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2)    public void queueListener2(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 2 ["+Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }}

三.Routing(路由模式)

声明队列,交换机,绑定队列和交换机

//路由模式    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE1 = "direct.queue1";    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE2 = "direct.queue2";    public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct.exchange";

//路由模式    @Bean("directQueue1")    public Queue directQueue1() {         return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1).build();    }    @Bean("directQueue2")    public Queue directQueue2() {         return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2).build();    }    @Bean("directExchange")    public DirectExchange directExchange() {         return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();    }    @Bean("directQueueBinding1")    public Binding directQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange, @Qualifier("directQueue1") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("orange");    }    @Bean("directQueueBinding2")    public Binding directQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange, @Qualifier("directQueue2") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("black");    }    @Bean("directQueueBinding3")    public Binding directQueueBinding3(@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange, @Qualifier("directQueue2") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("orange");    }

生产者：

@RequestMapping("/direct/{ rountingKey}")    public String direct(@PathVariable("routingKey") String rountingKey){         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"", "hello spring amqp:direct, my routing key is "+rountingKey);        return "发送成功";    }

@PathVariable：用于从请求的 URL 路径中提取参数值。
当有一个请求访问/direct/后面跟着某个具体的值（例如/direct/key1）时，@PathVariable("routingKey") String rountingKey会将key1提取出来，并赋值给rountingKey变量。

消费者：

@Componentpublic class DirectListener {     @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1)    public void queueListener1(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 1 ["+Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2)    public void queueListener2(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 2 ["+Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }}

四.Topics(通配符模式)

. 代表一个单词
#代码多个单词

//通配符模式    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE1 = "topics_queue1";    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE2 = "topics_queue2";    public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topics_exchange";

//通配符模式    @Bean("topicQueue1")    public Queue topicQueue1(){         return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1).build();    }    @Bean("topicQueue2")    public Queue topicQueue2(){         return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2).build();    }    @Bean("topicExchange")    public TopicExchange topicExchange(){         return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();    }    @Bean("topicQueueBinding1")    public Binding topicQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange, @Qualifier("topicQueue1") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("*.orange.*");    }    @Bean("topicQueueBinding2")    public Binding topicQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange, @Qualifier("topicQueue2") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("*.*.rabbit");    }    @Bean("topicQueueBinding3")    public Binding topicQueueBinding3(@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange, @Qualifier("topicQueue2") Queue queue){         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("lazy.#");    }

生产者

@RequestMapping("/topic/{ routingKey}")    public String topic(@PathVariable("routingKey") String routingKey){         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,routingKey, "hello spring amqp:topic, my routing key is "+routingKey);        return "发送成功";    }

消费者

@Componentpublic class TopicListener {     @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1)    public void queueListener1(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 1 ["+Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2)    public void queueListener2(String message) {         System.out.println("listener 2 ["+Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2+"] 接收到消息:" +message);    }}