发布时间：2025-06-24 17:07:51 作者：北方职教升学中心 阅读量：529
（2）掌握用户数据注入方法。
（2）准备好Fedora操作系统镜像。 使用命令行创建Fedora虚拟机实例并注入用户密码 （1）掌握命令行界面的虚拟机实例基本操作。 下面给出详细的参考步骤。可以登录到图形界面操作，这里示范命令行操作 [root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# openstack server add floating ip fedoraVM2 192.168.233.93 注意当前虚拟机实例中的SSH配置不支持root账户SSH密码登录，这里只能用fedora账户测试SSH密码登录。 如果没有nano命令，则执行如下命令安装 [root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# yum -y install nano [root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# nano my_user_data.txt 并在其中加入注入root和fedaora用户密码的cloud-config指令，注意注释需单独一行，密码后面不要有多余的空格。安全组及其规则、 [root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# openstack server create --config-drive true --image fedora --flavor 2 --key-name demo-key --user-data ./my_user_data.txt fedoraVM2 +-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | FLu4HSGeLDtp | | config_drive | True | | created | 2021-08-29T03:21:39Z | | flavor | m1.small (2) | | hostId | | | id | b51b252c-6349-4452-8cc4-8f584ec9a143 | | image | fedora (d967cfbb-b936-4256-93d6-faa89d650ab7) | | key_name | demo-key | | name | fedoraVM2 | | progress | 0 | | project_id | f4e6c7f3791f4d5daf9cfb467298aafc | | properties | | | security_groups | name='default' | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2021-08-29T03:21:39Z | | user_id | 97e37e69c8ec4f51b22e87c2e885f38d | | volumes_attached | | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ 稍等片刻，再查看新建实例的状态 [root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+ | b51b252c-6349-4452-8cc4-8f584ec9a143 | fedoraVM2 | ACTIVE | private=10.0.0.175 | fedora | m1.small | | 303a6d60-4286-4b52-b6af-c1b0577bdf7e | Cirros_VM1 | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.90 | cirros | m1.tiny | | 52bbe889-c453-407c-aa90-0c26e69b68be | Fedora-VM | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.194, 192.168.199.58 | | m1.small | | 5c5f63e4-c659-40bc-ae0c-6789fad1b923 | Cirros-VM | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.60, 192.168.199.59 | | m1.tiny | 首先需要为该实例分配一个浮动IP地址，以便从外部访问该实例。 [root@node-a ~]# source keystonerc_demo （1）复习命令行用户数据注入方法。项目实训一
【实训题目】
【实训目的】
（2）加载demo用户的环境脚本。密钥对。镜像、
（1）在OpenStack主机上进入命令行界面。
【实训内容】
① 从地址池中获取一个闲置的浮动IP地址
[root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# openstack floating ip create public+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| created_at | 2021-08-29T03:44:36Z || description | || dns_domain | None || dns_name | None || fixed_ip_address | None || floating_ip_address | 192.168.199.44 || floating_network_id | a5b2a921-a189-4372-a99a-c9a481c7d6c2 || id | 5ce9504a-bccf-47b3-8360-cc3d185d73ee || location | Munch({'project': Munch({'domain_name': 'Default', 'domain_id': None, 'name': 'demo', 'id': u'f4e6c7f3791f4d5daf9cfb467298aafc'}), 'cloud': '', 'region_name': '', 'zone': None}) || name | 192.168.199.44 || port_details | None || port_id | None || project_id | f4e6c7f3791f4d5daf9cfb467298aafc || qos_policy_id | None || revision_number | 0 || router_id | None || status | DOWN || subnet_id | None || tags | [] || updated_at | 2021-08-29T03:44:36Z |+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
② 将该IP地址绑定到新建的Fedora实例
③ 查看当前的实例列表，可以发现浮动IP地址绑定成功
[root@node-a ~(keystone_demo)]# openstack server list+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+| ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor |+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+| b51b252c-6349-4452-8cc4-8f584ec9a143 | fedoraVM2 | ACTIVE | private=10.0.0.175, 192.168.199.44 | fedora | m1.small || 303a6d60-4286-4b52-b6af-c1b0577bdf7e | Cirros_VM1 | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.90 | cirros | m1.tiny || 52bbe889-c453-407c-aa90-0c26e69b68be | Fedora-VM | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.194, 192.168.199.58 | | m1.small || 5c5f63e4-c659-40bc-ae0c-6789fad1b923 | Cirros-VM | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.60, 192.168.199.59 | | m1.tiny |+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+
④ 测试SSH密码登录
[root@node-a ~]# ssh fedora@192.168.233.93The authenticity of host '192.168.199.87 (192.168.199.44)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:f/rI4UsneTZD/1B4S3GmxsbMJRVa/HK7hsvuHipExAg.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:0d:35:2f:03:30:26:f3:6b:6a:59:52:c0:d9:16:83:5c.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.199.44' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.fedora@192.168.199.44's password: $ exit 4Connection to 192.168.199.44 closed.#cloud-configchpasswd: list: | root:abc123 fedora:abc123 expire: falsessh_pwauth: true
（5）执行openstack server create命令，基于Fedora官方操作系统镜像创建一个虚拟机实例，使用--user-data选项传入该脚本文件，使用--config-drive选项来启用配置驱动器（将其值设为True）。
① 查看实例类型
② 查看当前镜像
③ 查看当前网络
④ 查看当前安全组及其规则
⑤ 查看当前密钥对
（4）准备一个用户数据文本文件（命名为my_user_data.txt）
（6）完成实例创建之后，通过SSH登录该实例进行测试
（3）查看实例创建的前提条件，包括可用的实例类型、
【实训准备】
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